Glossary of Grammatical and Rhetorical Terms
In philosophy and classical rhetoric, techne is a true art, craft, or discipline. The plural form is technai. It's often translated as "craft" or "art" in the sense of being a learned skill that is then applied or activated in some way."Episteme" is a philosophical term derived from the Ancient Greek word ?πιστήμη epistēmē, which can refer to knowledge, science or understanding, and which comes from the verb ?πίστασθαι, meaning "to know, to understand, or to be acquainted with". Plato contrasts episteme with "doxa": common belief or opinion.
Phronesis (Ancient Greek: φρόνησ?ς, romanized: phrónēsis) is an ancient Greek word for a type of wisdom or intelligence. In Aristotelian ethics, for example in the Nicomachean Ethics, it is distinguished from other words for wisdom and intellectual virtues – such as episteme and techne.
What disciplines were discussed as techne, in ancient Greek culture? Sculpture, Painting, and Architecture.
Shoemaking, geometry, and medicine are all technai. The Roman tradition of rhetoric also held it to be an art, and through the Renaissance, rhetoric was understood not only as oratory, but a way of dealing with all questions of order, style, and invention, and so its influence extended to all the plastic arts.
Episteme is not pronounced as “eʹpih-steem”.
What are moral virtues according to Aristotle? Who held that a person's own manners might be his punishment? Stoics believe that everything is a matter of Attitude. Aristuppus' name means "the best".
In the 8th century BC, Greece began to emerge from the Dark Ages which followed the fall of the Mycenaean civilization. Literacy had been lost and Mycenaean script forgotten, but the Greeks adopted the Phoenician alphabet, modifying it to create the Greek alphabet.
In the case of Greeks and Italians you see a lot of overlap. In these commercial do-it-yourself DNA tests Italian and Greek ancestry cluster together because they are so similar and share that common genotype the test can only tell you the areas where your DNA is from, but not down to the specific place.
The Greeks and Romans were a mixed race people. You had extremes of very dark to very light. For instance, they had black Roman emperors (Septimus Severus etc) and the Phoenicians were black as well. In Europe it is well documented that the original people were black (google cheddar man).
The name Greece derived from the Latin Graecia, which in turn originated from the name of how the Greek colonies in Southern Italy called themselves (Graikoi) when the latins first came in contact with them. Since the Romans conquered most of Europe, the country is known by that name in the Western world.
Ancient Greece is most known for being the birthplace of democracy, its artists,famous philosophers, and scientists.
The civilization of Ancient Greece emerged into the light of world history in the 8th century BC. Normally it is regarded as coming to an end when Greece fell to the Romans, in 146 BC. However, major Greek (or “Hellenistic”, as modern scholars call them) kingdoms lasted longer than this.
Ancient Greece had a warm, dry climate, as Greece does today. Most people lived by farming, fishing and trade. Others were soldiers, scholars, scientists and artists. Many Greeks were poor and life was hard, because farmland, water and timber for building were scarce.
Primary Causes
There were many factors that went into the decline and fall of Ancient Greece. Here are some of the primary causes: Greece was divided into city-states. Constant warring between the city states weakened Greece and made it difficult to unite against a common enemy like Rome.In Roman mythology, Veritas, meaning truth, is the goddess of truth, a daughter of Saturn, called Chronos by the Greeks, the Titan of Time, perhaps first by Plutarch, and the mother of Virtus. She is also sometimes considered the daughter of Jupiter, called Zeus by the Greeks, or a creation of Prometheus.
( read the simile of the divided line) Or another way, truth is the ability to define something without a specific example or its opposite. “According to Hestir, Plato's view that truth is a substantive (though atypical and nonrelational) property of statements finds its support in his realism about being.
The Greek word sunesis is used in a vast array of writings to describe understanding. It's a portmanteau of two words: “sun” (meaning to be gathered together with [someone]) and “nesis” (which is a collection of anything).
Eunoia is the shortest English word containing all five main vowel graphemes. It comes from the Greek word ε?νοια, meaning "well mind" or "beautiful thinking." It is also a rarely used medical term referring to a state of normal mental health. Cicero translates eunoia with the Latin word benevolentia.
It is often referred to as "jesting Pilate" or "What is truth?", of Latin Quid est veritas? In it, Pontius Pilate questions Jesus' claim that he is "witness to the truth" (John 18:37).
Doxa (ancient Greek δόξα; from verb δοκε?ν dokein, "to appear", "to seem", "to think" and "to accept") is a Greek word meaning common belief or popular opinion.
The word truth in Aramaic here is sharira and in Hebrew, it is 'emit which means genuineness, authentic and sincere. So we worship God in sincerity and authentically.
selcouth. Adjective. (comparative more selcouth, superlative most selcouth) Strange, unusual, rare; unfamiliar; marvellous, wondrous.
Aletheia (Ancient Greek: ?λήθεια) is truth or disclosure in philosophy. It was used in Ancient Greek philosophy and revived in the 20th century by Martin Heidegger. Aletheia is variously translated as "unclosedness", "unconcealedness", "disclosure" or "truth".
The Nicomachean Ethics (/ˌn?ko?ˈmæki?n/; Ancient Greek: ?θικ? Νικομάχεια, Ēthika Nikomacheia) is the name normally given to Aristotle's best-known work on ethics.
Sophia (Koinē Greek: σοφία sophía "wisdom") is a central idea in Hellenistic philosophy and religion, Platonism, Gnosticism, and Christian theology. References to Sophia in Koine Greek translations of the Hebrew Bible translate to the Hebrew term Chokhmah.
Definition of orenda. : extraordinary invisible power believed by the Iroquois Indians to pervade in varying degrees all animate and inanimate natural objects as a transmissible spiritual energy capable of being exerted according to the will of its possessor a successful hunter's orenda overcomes that of his quarry.
Aristotle on Wisdom. Wisdom is the ability to deliberate well about which courses of action would be good and expedient — in general, not to some particular end, as that would more likely be in the realm of Art. Also, Wisdom concerns acting more than making, which also makes it distinct from Art.
According to Aristotle, “the person skilled in deliberating would in general also be practically wise.” The heart of practical wisdom is deliberation. Practical wisdom requires that we deliberate with ourselves the best course of action to take in a given situation.
Organization and Society
And those leaders who have such virtuous habit or capability are called “phronetic leaders.” They are leaders who pursue the common good by striving to create social as well as economic value and who pair micro- management with big-picture aspirations about the future.An ability to discern how or why to act virtuously and encourage practical virtue, excellence of character, in others. According to Socrates, phronesis is the very essence of virtue and what it means to be a good person. He believed that phronesis was the most important attribute of all to learn.
Wisdom has to be practical, because the issues we face are embedded in our everyday work. Acting wisely demands that we be guided by proper aims or goals of a particular activity. Aristotle's word for the purpose or aim of a practice was telos.
