How are sympathetic impulses transmitted to organs in the head and neck? Preganglionic axons ascend through the sympathetic trunk and synapse with postganglionic neurons in the superior cervical ganglion.
The cervical ganglia are paravertebral ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system. Preganglionic nerves from the thoracic spinal cord enter into the cervical ganglions and synapse with its postganglionic fibers or nerves. The cervical ganglion has three paravertebral ganglia: inferior cervical ganglion.
Anatomical terminology. Parasympathetic ganglia are the autonomic ganglia of the parasympathetic nervous system. Most are small terminal ganglia or intramural ganglia, so named because they lie near or within (respectively) the organs they innervate.
Head and neck
There are three cervical ganglia: superior, middle, and inferior. The sympathetic trunk lies embedded on the posterior wall of the carotid sheath.A ganglion is a collection of neuronal bodies found in the voluntary and autonomic branches of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Ganglia can be thought of as synaptic relay stations between neurons. The information enters the ganglia, excites the neuron in the ganglia and then exits.
31 Cards in this Set
| What are the effectors of the autonomic nervous system pathway? | 1. Smooth Muscle 2. Glands 3. Cardiac Muscle 4. Adipocytes |
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| Which of these organs do NOT receive parasympathetic input? A) lungs B) heart C) skin D) stomach | skin |
The glossopharyngeal nerve is the 9th cranial nerve (CN IX). It is one of the four cranial nerves that has sensory, motor, and parasympathetic functions. It originates from the medulla oblongata and terminates in the pharynx.
Lesions that selectively destroy the afferent fibers of the vagus and/or glossopharyngeal nerves can interrupt the transmission of baroreceptor signaling, leading to extreme blood pressure fluctuations.
When the glossopharyngeal nerve becomes irritated, an attack of intense electric shock-like pain is felt in the back of the throat, tongue, tonsil or ear. You may initially experience short, mild attacks, with periods of remission. But neuralgia can progress, causing longer, frequent attacks of searing pain.
There are two types of fibers reaching the nucleus of the solitary tract via the glossopharyngeal nerve: the special visceral afferent fibers (with cell bodies located in the superior ganglion) transmit information of taste from the tongue, specifically, the vallate papillae, while the general visceral afferent fibers
Glossopharyngeal neuralgia is a rare condition in which there are repeated episodes of severe pain in the tongue, throat, ear, and tonsils. This can last from a few seconds to a few minutes.
Nodose ganglia are paired structures that receive cardiac afferent inputs from sensory neurites located in atrial and ventricular tissues. These sensory neurites preferentially sense chemical stimuli, with a few responding to mechanical stimuli or both modalities (22, 125).
In its passage through the foramen (with X and XI), the glossopharyngeal nerve passes between the internal jugular vein and internal carotid artery. It descends in front of the latter vessel and beneath the styloid process and the muscles connected with it, to the posterior lower border of the stylopharyngeus muscle.
The geniculate or genicular ganglion contains fibers for taste and somatic sensation and is located in the petrous temporal bone.
The jugular foramen contains the superior and inferior ganglia of the glossopharyngeal nerve. These ganglia contain pseudo-unipolar cell bodies that transmit afferent signals. The glossopharyngeal nerve then passes between the superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors and enters the posterior third of the tongue.
The stellate ganglion is a collection of nerves (sympathetic) found at the level of the sixth and seventh cervical vertebrae (the last vertebra of the neck). The nerves are located in front of the vertebrae. They are part of the sympathetic nervous system and supply the face and arm.
Least splanchnic nerve
Its fibers synapse in the renal ganglia. The least splanchnic nerve modulates the activity of the enteric nervous system of the hindgut.The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's rest and digestion response when the body is relaxed, resting, or feeding. It basically undoes the work of sympathetic division after a stressful situation. The parasympathetic nervous system decreases respiration and heart rate and increases digestion.
Excerpt. The deep petrosal nerve is a branch from the internal carotid plexus. The plexus is located on the lateral side of the internal carotid as it courses superiorly. The deep petrosal enters the skull through the carotid canal with the internal carotid artery.
Specifically, the parasympathetic nervous system cranially is concerned with three of the cranial nerves, which will be dealt with in turn in greater detail throughout this book. The cranial nerves involved in the parasympathetic nervous system are the oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves. Sympathetic fibers in the short ciliary nerves pass through the ciliary ganglion without forming synapses. Preganglionic sympathetic fibers originate from neurons in the intermediolateral column of the thoracic spinal cord, at the level of thoracic spinal nerve 1 (T1) and thoracic spinal nerve 2 (T2). Major nerve trunks that supply abdominal viscera contain axons of postganglionic neurons that originate in the coeliac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion, inferior mesenteric ganglia, hypogastric nerve ganglia and the sympathetic chain ganglia.
