Whereas a file system is a type of software that's responsible for maintaining whole files in a storage medium, a database management system (DBMS) is a software application through which a user interacts with a database. Examples of file systems include Microsoft's NTFS and Apple's Hierarchical File System.
Advantages of Database Management System
- Reducing Data Redundancy. The file based data management systems contained multiple files that were stored in many different locations in a system or even across multiple systems.
- Sharing of Data.
- Data Integrity.
- Data Security.
- Privacy.
- Backup and Recovery.
- Data Consistency.
Disadvantage of File-oriented system:
- Data Redundancy: It is possible that the same information may be duplicated in different files.
- Data Inconsistency:
- Difficulty in Accessing Data:
- Limited Data Sharing:
- Integrity Problems:
- Atomicity Problems:
- Concurrent Access Anomalies:
- Security Problems:
Data processing can be done through several approaches such as batch processing, online batch processing, online real-time processing. Considering batch Processing, source documents are grouped into batches, and control totals are calculated.
A database is a collection of data that has been organized to be accessible and manageable to make data access quick and easy. Database Files are data files that are used to store the contents of the database in a structured format into a file in separate tables and fields.
Advantages & Disadvantages of Traditional File Organization
- Easy to Access. Traditional file organization is easy to access.
- Easy to Understand. Traditional filing systems are typically easy to understand.
- Outdated.
- Difficult to Protect.
- Lack of Space and Efficiency.
Constraints are used to limit the type of data that can go into a table. This ensures the accuracy and reliability of the data in the table. If there is any violation between the constraint and the data action, the action is aborted. Constraints can be column level or table level.
?When a DBMS may be unnecessary: ?If the database and applications are simple, well defined, and not expected to change. ?If there are stringent real-time requirements that may not be met because of DBMS overhead. ?If access to data by multiple users is not required.
There are four types of data models: Hierarchical model, Network model, Entity-relationship model, Relational model. These models have further categories which are used according to a different use case.
Thirdly, the relational data model is more flexible than the hierarchical model and easier to manage than a network model. The relational data model is the most widely used model today. Hierarchical databases link records like an organization chart.
1. Traditional data : In traditional database system a centralized database architecture used to store and maintain the data in a fixed format or fields in a file. For managing and accessing the data Structured Query Language (SQL) is used.
Application of DBMS
- Railway Reservation System –
- Library Management System –
- Banking –
- Education Sector –
- Credit card exchanges –
- Social Media Sites –
- Broadcast communications –
- Account –
A database is generally used for storing related, structured data, with well defined data formats, in an efficient manner for insert, update and/or retrieval (depending on application). On the other hand, a file system is a more unstructured data store for storing arbitrary, probably unrelated data.
The ANSI-SPARC database architecture is the basis of most of the modern databases. The three levels present in this architecture are Physical level, Conceptual level and External level.
The file system's structure makes it difficult to combine data from multiple sources, and its lack of security renders the file system vulnerable to security breaches. The organizational structure promotes the storage of the same basic data in different locations.
Characteristics and Benefits of a Database
- Self-describing nature of a database system.
- Insulation between program and data.
- Support for multiple views of data.
- Sharing of data and multiuser system.
- Control of data redundancy.
- Data sharing.
- Enforcement of integrity constraints.
- Restriction of unauthorized access.
The traditional approach is value based and lays emphasis on the inclusion of. values to the study of political phenomena. The adherents of this approach believe. that the study of political science should not be based on facts alone since facts and. values are closely related to each other.
Disadvantages of DBMS
- High Cost. The high cost of software and hardware is the main disadvantage of the database management system.
- Huge Size.
- Database Failure.
- Complexity.
- Increased Staff Cost.
- Requirement of Technical Staff.
- Cost of Data Conversion.
- Performance.
Advantage and Disadvantages of DBMS
- Improved data sharing: The DBMS helps create an environment in which end users have better access to more and better-managed data.
- Improved data security:
- Better data integration:
- Minimized data inconsistency:
- Improved data access:
- Improved decision making:
