An Act for consolidating and amending the Acts relating to Public Health in England. Its purpose was to codify previous measures aimed at combating filthy urban living conditions, which caused various health threats, including the spread of many diseases such as cholera and typhus.
The Sale of Food and Drugs Act 1875 was a legislative milestone. It defined 'food', required that it be of a standard demanded by purchasers and confirmed strict liability for food related offences. The Act became the “foundation of modern food legislation”16 and the offences it created have stood the test of time.
Sir John Simon, (born Oct. 10, 1816, London—died July 23, 1904, London), English surgeon and public health reformer whose efforts to improve the hygienic quality of urban life led to the establishment of modern standards of public health service.
John Allsebrook Simon, 1st Viscount Simon, GCSI, GCVO, OBE, PC (28 February 1873 – 11 January 1954), was a British politician who held senior Cabinet posts from the beginning of the First World War to the end of the Second World War.
1875 Public Health ActFinally the Public Health Act of 1875, forced councils to carry out improvements. These included the provision of clean water, proper drainage and sewage systems and the appointment of a Medical Officer of Health in every area.
The 1848 Public Health Act was the very first law on public health to be passed in the United Kingdom. It established a Central Board of Health whose job it was to improve sanitation and living standards in towns and populous areas in England and Wales.
The Public Health Act of 1848The local boards had authority to deal with water supplies, sewerage, control of offensive trades, quality of foods, paving of streets, removal of garbage, and other sanitary matters.
"The great sanitary awakening" (Winslow, 1923)—the identification of filth as both a cause of disease and a vehicle of transmission and the ensuing embrace of cleanliness—was a central component of nineteenth-century social reforms. Sanitation changed the way society thought about health.
In the USA, the first public health structures came in to being in the second half of the nineteenth century in the port cities on the East coast. By the 1870s and 1880s, most States had established their own public health structures.
Sir Edwin Chadwick (24 January 1800 - 6 July 1890) was an English social reformer who is noted for his work to reform the Poor Laws and to improve sanitation and public health.
Another key pioneer of public health in the U.S. was Lillian Wald, who founded the Henry Street Settlement house in New York. The Visiting Nurse Service of New York was a significant organization for bringing health care to the urban poor.
Public health measures such as pure food and water, and development of immunizations against many serious diseases such as polio and smallpox, coupled with enhanced economic conditions, are together credited with substantial reductions in the burden of infectious diseases.
This was the work of Edwin Chadwick alone: he conducted his investigation between 1839 and 1841. His work formed the basis of the 1848 Public Health Act. The Report was an objective work, which followed the 1840 Report of the Health of Towns Committee.
Title: Public Health Act 1961the Public Health Act 1961 (which amended the Public Health Act of 1936), allows for them to issue a notice requiring specified remedial action to be taken.
By 1866 most of London was connected to a sewer network devised by Bazalgette. He saw to it that the flow of foul water from old sewers and underground rivers was intercepted, and diverted along new, low-level sewers, built behind embankments on the riverfront and taken to new treatment works.
