Protected forest is an area or mass of land which is a reserved forests, and over which the government has property rights, declared to be so by a state government under the provisions of section 29 of theINdian forest act 1927.
The principal aim of National Forest Policy, 1988 is to ensure environmental stability and maintenance of ecological balance including atmospheric equilibrium which are vital for sustenance of all life forms, human, animal and plant.
Answer: Yes, the colonial forest policies are needed to be blamed for the depletion of natural forest in India, as they introduced "Scientific Forestry" in India in which the natural forests were cut down and tress with higher economic values were planted in a straight row.
It essentially covers operation on the crop itself and competing for vegetation and include weeding, cleaning, thinning, felling, pruning, climber cutting, girdling but exclude soil working, drainage, irrigation, and burning, etc.
(e) Development of substitutes to replace wood and wood products. (f) Research related to wildlife and management of national parks and sanctuaries. The new National Forest Policy is superior to the forest policy of 1952 on the following counts: (b) It emphasises on the conservation and management of forests.
A way of addressing society's needs and development goals while balancing various stakeholder interests; Strategic guidance for managing and using forest and trees; A comprehensive framework setting up adaptive implementation mechanisms for diverse contexts and changing conditions.
A forest landowner or a forest management organization is responsible for the plans, policies, and oversight of practices on the land they own or manage for others. Forests and natural resources may be used, conserved, developed, or protected to meet the objectives of the landowner.
Forest law was a Norman institution imported from the continent but it was unanimously unpopular with the local population. The forest law was a separate legal system with its own courts and officers. It was the responsibility of these courts to protect and preserve the venison and vert for the King's pleasure.
The National Forest Policy of India, 1988, set a target of having 33% of its geographical area under forest and tree cover.
Thus, a forest policy is a policy for people, not for the forestry administration. Being an agreement among government and stakeholders, a national forest policy is endorsed by government and implemented through legal, economic and informational instruments, and by other stakeholders with their respective means.
A subcategory of environmental law, Forestry Law relates to all statutes and regulations that deal with the preservation of forests and parks, reforestation activities to ensure the sustainability of the nation's lands, and the prevention of illegal logging activities.
Distribution of forest by States/Union TerritoriesAccording to the 2019 Forest Survey, the State of Madhya Pradesh has the largest forest cover in the country. In terms of percentage of forest cover Mizoram (85.41 percent) is the most forest rich state. In Lakshadweep, around 90.33% of forest can be found.
Hanumasagara Reserve Forest
There are four different types of forests found around the world: tropical forests, temperate forests and boreal forests.
- Tropical Forests:
- Temperate Forests:
- Boreal Forests:
- Plantation Forests:
Amazon Rainforest, South America
The forest shares its location with 9 nations including Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana (France), Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. Being the largest forest in the world, over people of 350 ethnicities reside within the Amazon Rainforest.These forests can be classified in five major groups namely:
- Moist tropical forest.
- Dry tropical forest.
- Montane temperate forest.
- Montane sub tropical forest.
- Alpine forest.
Tropical Deciduous Forests are the most widespread forests of India and are popularly as Monsoon Forests. Tropical deciduous forests are found in the regions, which receive rainfall between 70 and 200 cm.
tropical moist deciduous forest
As of 2019, the total forest cover in India is 712,249 Sq km (71.22 million hectares), which is 21.67 percent of the total geographical area. Whereas, the total forest and tree cover in India is 807,276 Sq km (80.73 million hectors), which is 24.56 percent of the total geographical area of the country.
The major causes of forest decline include: 1) pollution from both industry and agriculture, 2) stress factors, e.g., desiccation, 3) changes in stand dynamics, 4) decline disease of forest or diseases of complex etiology, 5) degradation of productivity and/or soil fertility in pure plantation forests.
