The three constitutional provisions that are aimed at promoting cooperation among the states are give "full faith and credit" to the laws, records, and court decisions of other states give each other's citizens all the "privileges and immunities" of their own citizens, and extradite criminals and fugitives who flee
The 7 Principles of the Constitution (popular sovereignty, limited government, separation of powers, checks and balances, judicial review, federalism, and republicanism) explained.
The values expressed in the Preamble are expressed as objectives of the Constitution. These are: sovereignty, socialism, secularism, democracy, republican character of Indian State, justice, liberty, equality, fraternity, human dignity and the unity and integrity of the Nation.
The Six Big Ideas are:
- limited government.
- republicanism.
- checks and balances.
- federalism.
- separation of powers.
- popular sovereignty.
The first three articles of the Constitution establish three branches of government with specific powers: Executive (headed by the President), Legislative (Congress) and Judicial (Supreme Court). Power is separated and shared.
Sources:
| Major Sources of Indian Constitution |
|---|
| Provisions | Source/country |
|---|
| Irish constitution (Ireland) | Directive Principles of State Policy Nomination of members to Rajya Sabha Method of Election of President |
| French constitution | Republic and the ideals of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity in the Preamble |
Indian Constitution: Parts, Schedules and Articles at a Glance. Currently, the Constitution of India has 448 articles in 25 parts and 12 schedules. There are 104 amendments that have been made in the Indian constitution up to January 25, 2020.
The Constitution is important because it protects individual freedom, and its fundamental principles govern the United States. The Constitution places the government's power in the hands of the citizens. It limits the power of the government and establishes a system of checks and balances.
Right to equality is one of the six fundamental rights in the Indian constitution. It includes equality before law, prohibition of discrimination on grounds of race, religion, gender, and caste or birth place. It also includes equality of opportunity in matters of employment, abolition of untouchability and titles.
A Constitution refers to the basic principles and laws of a nation or State that determine the powers and duties of the government and also provides the platform or base for determining the fundamental rights and duties of the people in it a written/ unwritten form embodying the rules of a political or social
Citizenship is defined in the first clause of the first section of the Fourteenth Amendment as: All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and the State wherein they reside.
The First Amendment protects freedom of religion and freedom of speech and of the press. It also protects the right of peaceful assembly and to petition the government. The Second Amendment protects the right to keep and bear arms, for the purpose of maintaining a militia.
Enabling Clause. The section of a constitution or statute that provides government officials with the power to put the constitution or statute into force and effect. Seven of the amendments to the U.S. Constitution contain clauses that give Congress the power to enforce their provisions by appropriate legislation.
Constitutional provision is a law that is written in the Constitution itself and does not come from a rule or statute. It establishes the basic rights, duties and structure of the polity. These provisions cannot be easily altered except by the way of amendment procedure given in the Constitution itself.
General provisions are balance sheet items representing funds set aside by a company as assets to pay for anticipated future losses. The act of creating general provisions has been declining since regulators prohibited basing estimates on past experiences.
Clauses within the Articles
| Clause Name | Article | Section |
|---|
| Diversity (of Citizenship) Clause | III | 2 |
| Elastic Clause | I | 8 |
| Emoluments Clause | I | 6 |
| Emolument Clause | I | 9 |
the Union. (b) Article 345 of the constitution deals with the official language or languages of a state. It empowers the state legislature to choose one or more of the languages in the state or Hindi as the language or languages to be used for all or any of the official purposes of that state.
Fundamental provisions are those provisions which are forming or relating to the most important part of something. Like for the offence of homicide the fundamental provision would be Murder. In another sense it could relate to the fundamental articles provided under part-III of the Indian constitution.
The Six Big Ideas are:
- limited government.
- republicanism.
- checks and balances.
- federalism.
- separation of powers.
- popular sovereignty.
The Constitution provides the fundamental architecture of the US Government. The Constitution is key in navigating these various political disputes, both concerning the protection or limiting of political rights as well as in the government's exercise of its political power.
Some advantages: The Constitution protects the rights of minorities against the tyranny of the majority. Free speech and a free press are protected especially in the cases of public figures and political speech (eg what might be libelous against a private person is often allowed against politicians)
Under Article V of the Constitution, there are two ways to propose and ratify amendments to the Constitution. To propose amendments, two-thirds of both houses of Congress can vote to propose an amendment, or two-thirds of the state legislatures can ask Congress to call a national convention to propose amendments.
