The resource optimization techniques, in project management, are tools that are used to adjust the implementation and completion dates of project activities to adjust the planned resource used and the resource availability. It has a goal of balancing the demand for the resources using whatever supply available.
There are several different project scheduling tools and techniques that project managers use. Below are four popular scheduling techniques used by project managers: Critical Path Method, Program Evaluation and Review Technique, Fast-tracking and crashing, and Gantt charts.
There are two basic planning and control techniques that use a network to complete a pre-determined schedule. They are Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and Critical Path Method (CPM).
Schedule compression refers to a series of techniques used to shorten the duration of a project without compromising the result. Common schedule compression techniques include crashing, fast-tracking and resource reallocation.
A network scheduler, also called packet scheduler, queueing discipline (qdisc) or queueing algorithm, is an arbiter on a node in packet switching communication network. It manages the sequence of network packets in the transmit and receive queues of the protocol stack and network interface controller.
CPM is a statistical technique of project management that manages well-defined activities of a project. A technique of planning and control of time.
- Personal Area Network (PAN)
- Local Area Network (LAN)
- Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
- Campus Area Network (CAN)
- Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
- Wide Area Network (WAN)
- Storage-Area Network (SAN)
- System-Area Network (also known as SAN)
Advantages of computer networkingFile sharing - you can easily share data between different users, or access it remotely if you keep it on other connected devices. Resource sharing - using network-connected peripheral devices like printers, scanners and copiers, or sharing software between multiple users, saves money.
The techniques of PERT and CPM help greatly in completing the various jobs on schedule. They minimise production delays, interruptions and conflicts. These techniques are very helpful in coordinating various jobs of the total project and thereby expedite and achieve completion of project on time.
Network analysis is a vital technique in PROJECT MANAGEMENT. It enables us to take a systematic quantitative structured approach to the problem of managing a project through to successful completion.
Here are some of the biggest advantages of networking.
- Strengthen business connections. Networking is about sharing, not taking.
- Get fresh ideas.
- Raise your profile.
- Advance your career.
- Get access to job opportunities.
- Gain more knowledge.
- Get career advice and support.
- Build confidence.
4 Basic Steps in Network (PERT/CPM) Techniques
- STEP-I: Planning: The planning phase is started by splitting the total project into small projects.
- STEP-II: Scheduling: ADVERTISEMENTS:
- STEP-III: Allocation of Resources: Allocation of resources is performed to achieve the desired objective.
- STEP-IV: Controlling:
PERT is a project management technique, whereby planning, scheduling, organising, coordinating and controlling uncertain activities are done. CPM is a statistical technique of project management in which planning, scheduling, organising, coordination and control of well-defined activities take place.
Network analysis is one of the most popular techniques used for planning, scheduling, monitoring and coordinating large and complex projects comprising a number of activities. It involves the development of a network to indicate logical sequence of work content elements of a complex situation.
The internet is a worldwide computer network that transmits a variety of data and media across interconnected devices. It works by using a packet routing network that follows Internet Protocol (IP) and Transport Control Protocol (TCP) [5].
Explanation: PERT or Project Evaluation and Review Technique can be understood as a tool for handling research and development projects which involve a series of activities.
Here are the 5 most common types of network analysis:
- Point-to-point analysis. A point-to-point analysis is the most common routing problem.
- Finding Coverage.
- Optimize Fleet.
- Select Optimal Site.
- Origin-Destination – OD Cost Matrix.
Network analysis workflow
- Step 1: Configuring the Network Analyst environment.
- Step 2: Adding a network dataset to ArcMap.
- Step 3: Creating the network analysis layer.
- Step 4: Adding network analysis objects.
- Step 5: Setting network analysis layer properties.
- Step 6: Performing the analysis and displaying the results.
A network diagram is made up of a set of nodes and lines that connect those nodes. Usually a product of social network analysis, a network diagram is the visual display of how people (or other elements) in a network are connected.
PERT is the abbreviated form for Program Evaluation and Review Techniques and CPM for Critical Path Method. Both the techniques were developed in U.S.A. during the late 1950s. PERT was developed by US Navy Engineers to plan and control the huge Polaris Submarine Program. CPM was developed by E.I.
Slack is the amount of time that an activity can be delayed past its earliest start or earliest finish without delaying the project. A delay in the critical path delays the project. Similarly, to accelerate the project it is necessary to reduce the total time required for the activities in the critical path.
PERT stands for Programme Evaluation and Review Technique. PERT is a probabilistic model i.e. it takes into account uncertainties involved in the estimation of time of a job or an activity. It uses three estimates of the activity time - Optimistic, Pessimistic and Most Likely.
The network model is the extension of the hierarchical structure because it allows many-to-many relationships to be managed in a tree-like structure that allows multiple parents. There are two fundamental concepts of a network model − Records contain fields which need hierarchical organization.
Network analysis (NA) is a set of integrated techniques to depict relations among actors and to analyze the social structures that emerge from the recurrence of these relations. The basic assumption is that better explanations of social phenomena are yielded by analysis of the relations among entities.
Five Types of Planning in Production
- 1) Job-Based Planning. Job-Based or Project-Based production focuses on manufacturing a single product and is either handled by a single worker or by a group of people.
- 2) Batch Method.
- 3) Flow Method.
- 4) Mass Production Method.
- 5) Process Manufacturing Method.
They include time-specified scheduling, wave scheduling, modified wave scheduling, double booking, and open booking. Many offices allow established patients to request appointments or schedule appointments using the Internet.
The critical path method (CPM) and programme evaluation technique (PERT) are the techniques commonly used for project scheduling and monitoring.
Gantt charts are useful for planning and scheduling projects. They help you assess how long a project should take, determine the resources needed, and plan the order in which you'll complete tasks. Gantt charts are useful for monitoring a project's progress once it's underway, too.
The two most commonly used heuristics are the serial and the parallel methods. In the serial method of resource allocation, activities are sorted into a list and resources are allocated to each of these activities one at a time until resources are allocated to all activities.
The network analysis is a method used to analyze, control and monitoring of business processes and workflows. The network analysis enables project managers to take various factors into account when creating a project plan: Dependencies between activities. Buffer times between activities.
PERT vs CPM
| Abbreviation |
|---|
| PERT – Project Evaluation and Review Technique | CPM – Critical Path Method |
|---|
| Focus |
| PERT – The main focus of PERT is to minimise the time required for completion of the project | CPM – The main focus of CPM is on a trade-off between cost and time, with a major emphasis on cost-cutting. |
| Orientation type |
