Wave Anatomy
- Still-Water Line - The level of the sea surface if it were perfectly calm and flat.
- Crest - The highest point on the wave above the still-water line.
- Trough - The lowest point on the wave below the still-water line.
- Wave Height - The vertical distance between crest and trough.
Antarctica. In 2015, the Chilean surfer Ramón Navarro was the first to surf in Antarctica on a surfing expedition to the South Shetland Islands. It was reported he managed to catch at least three Antarctic waves.
Waves are created by energy passing through water, causing it to move in a circular motion. The ocean is never still. Waves are most commonly caused by wind. Wind-driven waves, or surface waves, are created by the friction between wind and surface water.
Waves in the oceans can travel thousands of miles before reaching land. Wind waves on Earth range in size from small ripples, to waves over 100 ft (30 m) high.
Slab waves bring on the next frontier of surfing. Traditional surfing waves roll toward shore, slow down as they rise up, and break cleanly to one or both sides. A slab wave moves fast, through deep water, and hits a shallow reef at full speed.
A swell, in the context of an ocean, sea or lake, is a series of mechanical waves that propagate along the interface between water and air and thus are often referred to as surface gravity waves. Occasionally, swells which are longer than 700 m occur as a result of the most severe storms.
Crossing the Southern Ocean is a big journey. The ocean is widely regarded as the most dangerous ocean on the planet. It is extremely remote. And with Antarctica at the bottom and Africa slightly above, storms can just race around the bottom of the world, unencumbered, and build up speed and steam.
In fluid dynamics, the wave height of a surface wave is the difference between the elevations of a crest and a neighbouring trough. Wave height is a term used by mariners, as well as in coastal, ocean and naval engineering.
The Southern Ocean, also known as the Antarctic Ocean or the Austral Ocean, circles round Antarctica and comprises the southern-most parts of the world's oceans.
Dealing with the Drake Passage
- Staying hydrated is key, as is avoiding drinking alcohol.
- Stay active by going for a walk around the ship or venturing up to the deck.
- Getting fresh air can help.
- If you are feeling queasy, lie down flat in your bed or bunk with your eyes closed.
Visas. Since no country owns Antarctica, no visa is required. However, the countries that signed the Antarctic Treaty's Protocol on Environment Protection require that visitors from those countries (including the USA, Canada, EU and Australia) need permission. This is nearly always through tour operators.
One of the reasons it's so rough is because of the volume of water traveling through here, about 600 times the flow of the Amazon River. Photo Credit: Dimitry B. In any case the Drake Passage isn't something to be feared or even prevent you from going on an Antarctic expedition.
Cape Horn marks the point at which the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans meet – which is what makes the passage so treacherous. Extreme low-pressure systems whirl across the sea, creating the dreaded williwaw winds. These gusts are sudden, unpredictable and frequent – and with bigger winds, come bigger waves.
Cape Horn (Spanish: Cabo de Hornos, pronounced [ˈkaβo ðe ˈo?nos]) is the southernmost headland of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago of southern Chile, and is located on the small Hornos Island.
No one country owns Antarctica, instead it is governed by the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS) which sees a number of countries running the continent as a condominium.
Most of Patagonia's 150,000 residents live in Punta Arenas and a few shoreside settlements, so there's precious little human activity along the strait.
Often, the safest place for a ship during a storm is out at sea because the ship is a safe distance from anything it might crash into. To ensure the vessel isn't damaged, the ship must keep its front end pointing into the waves to plow through them safely.
Cruise ships can still sink. Wind on its own can't cause a cruise ship to capsize. However, combined with waves caused by wind, that wind could feasibly cause a ship to capsize. Rogue waves, mechanical failures, and human error can also leave even large cruise ships vulnerable.
The South China Sea and East Indies, eastern Mediterranean, Black Sea, North Sea, and British Isles are the most dangerous seas in the world, with the greatest number of shipping accidents in the last 15 years, according to a report released by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF).
Con: Weather and Rough Seas
Weather can be a major concern for some travelers planning a transatlantic cruise. On traditional cruises, ships are sailing most nights and in a different port each day. They often are not far from land, so even though the weather can be rough, it doesn't last long.Rough Waters: If you're cruising Down Under, you'll find some rough patches in the Bass Strait (between the Australian mainland and Tasmania) and the Tasman Sea (between Australia and New Zealand).
Cruises from England are longer and typically encounter rough waters crossing the North Sea. Issues: The Baltic is sheltered from open waters by the Scandinavian countries, so it's much gentler than the neighboring North Sea. Still, it's prone to sudden, strong thunderstorms.
The passage receives its name from the 16th-century English privateer Sir Francis Drake. Drake's only remaining ship, after having passed through the Strait of Magellan, was blown far south in September 1578. This incident implied there was an ocean south of South America.
Not likely. “Most new cruisers have no problems with seasickness on our ships, due to their size, navigational avoidance of storms, and stabilizers,” he explains. Look for larger ships that cruise in good climates. (Think island-hopping in the Caribbean.)
It's not uncommon for a cruise ship to routinely travel through areas with waves of 10, or 15 feet, and large, modern cruise ships handle wave like this without incident.
Rough Waters: The majority of sailing on an Alaska cruise is done in the protected waters of the Inside Passage, but ships sailing to Seward, Whittier or Anchorage must cross the Gulf of Alaska, which is much rougher. Cruise staffers say the gulf gets especially bad after Labor Day, in the shoulder season.
While cruise ships can typically "outrun" most storms, passengers may still experience rough seas as their ship skirts the edges of a storm. On rare occasions, a ship may have to go through the outer bands of storm to reach safe haven in a port, though most times ships will go out to sea to avoid storms.
WMO sea state code
| WMO Sea State Code | Wave height | Characteristics |
|---|
| 3 | 0.5 to 1.25 metres (1 ft 8 in to 4 ft 1 in) | Slight |
| 4 | 1.25 to 2.5 metres (4 ft 1 in to 8 ft 2 in) | Moderate |
| 5 | 2.5 to 4 metres (8 ft 2 in to 13 ft 1 in) | Rough |
| 6 | 4 to 6 metres (13 to 20 ft) | Very rough |
The waves slow down so that the energy of movement (kinetic energy) is reduced. The energy released causes a steeper sea ie higher waves relative to the wavelength. A marked increase in roughness and much breaking of waves is likely to occur. Similarly, with waves running into a narrower stretch of water.
Answer: Although it might seem illogical, the Atlantic Ocean is warmer. For any given latitude, the Atlantic Ocean has proved to be about 16 degrees F (9 degrees C) warmer than the Pacific Ocean off the U.S. coast – quite a difference.
Cruising the Eastern Mediterranean generally delivers balmy weather, calm seas, and epic ports of call in Italy, Greece, and Croatia, in addition to less frequent stops in Turkey, Israel, and Egypt.
Rough Waters: Cruise travellers might experience rough seas in several places in Europe. The Bay of Biscay, off the west coast of France and north of Spain, and the North Sea can also be rough, but are calmer in the summertime.
The Atlantic Ocean ranks the second in the catalogue of the most dangerous ocean waters in the world. This ocean water is usually affected by coastal winds, temperature of the water surface and the water currents. Sometimes the Atlantic is dangerous, sometimes the Pacific more so.
