Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was formally recommended in the national childhood immunisation schedule by the Ministry of Health in 2010 as a 3 dose schedule at 3 months followed by a second dose at 5 months and booster at 12 months.
The First YearVaccination is a big part of giving children a healthy start in their first year. In fact, your baby needs one vaccine right away. Make sure your baby gets the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine shortly after birth. More than one dose is necessary for many vaccines.
immunisation by taking vaccines. Vaccines provide immunity from infectious diseases like tetanus, diphtheria, whooping cough, measles, polio etc. Our body has an immune system which fights microbial infection. When this system first sees an infectious microbe, it kills the microbe and remembers it.
There is no upper limit for the number of vaccines that can be administered during one visit. ACIP and AAP consistently recommend that all needed vaccines be administered during an office visit.
If multiple vaccines are administered at a single visit, administer each injection in a different injection site. For infants and younger children receiving more than two injections in a single limb, the thigh is the preferred site because of the greater muscle mass.
Not Given SimultaneouslyException is yellow fever vaccine given less than 30 days after single antigen measles vaccine, single antigen mumps vaccine, single antigen rubella vaccine, or varicella vaccine.
Currently, 16 vaccines – some requiring multiple doses at specific ages and times – are recommended from birth to 18 years old. Recommended vaccines include: Influenza (annual flu shot) Diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTaP)
During this time, your child receives the following vaccines:
Diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough (pertussis) (DTaP)
Immunization Schedule
- Diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough (pertussis) (DTaP)
- Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
- Polio (IPV)
- Pneumococcal (PCV)
- Rotavirus (RV)
- Hepatitis B (HepB)
1967: Nicaraguans undergoing smallpox vaccinations nicknamed the gun-like jet injectors (Ped-O-Jet and Med-E-Jet) as "la pistola de la paz", meaning "the pistol of peace". The name "Peace Guns" stuck.
- Flu.
- Polio.
- Pneumococcal Disease.
- Tetanus.
- Meningococcal Disease.
- Hepatitis B.
- Mumps.
- Hib (Haemophilus Influenzae Type B) What it is: A bacterial disease that infects the lungs (pneumonia), brain or spinal cord (meningitis), blood, bone, or joints.
Tetanus, diphtheria, and whooping cough (pertussis) (Tdap) Hepatitis A (HepA) Hepatitis B (HepB) Polio (IPV)
Four Vaccines Every Adult Ages 50-65 Should Have
- Flu Shot. There are more than 100 strains of influenza.
- Tetanus Vaccine. Every adult should receive a Tdap vaccine at least once in their lifetime.
- Zoster Vaccine.
- Pneumococcal Vaccine.
At 4-6 years of age, your child should receive vaccines to protect them from the following diseases:
- Diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough (pertussis) (DTaP) (5th dose)
- Polio (IPV) (4th dose)
- Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) (2nd dose)
- Chickenpox (Varicella) (2nd dose)
- Influenza (Flu) (every year)
There are 2 vaccines that protect against chickenpox: The chickenpox vaccine protects children and adults from chickenpox. The MMRV vaccine protects children from measles, mumps, rubella, and chickenpox.
The following strategies can help reduce or alleviate pain from vaccine and blood draws.
- Numb the skin.
- Give a pacifier or allow breastfeeding.
- Don't restrain the child.
- Distract, distract, distract.
- Watch what you say.
- Act it out.
- Speak up.
Immunisation
| National Immunization Schedule |
|---|
| Vaccine | When to give | Site |
|---|
| Pentavelant 1,2 & 3 | At 6 weeks, 10 weeks & 14 weeks | Anterolateral side of mid thigh-LEFT |
| Rota Virus Vaccine | At 6 weeks, 10 weeks & 14 weeks | - |
| Measles 1st Dose | 9 completed months-12 months. (give up to 5 years if not received at 9-12 months age) | Right Upper Arm |
Chickenpox vaccine can be given any time from 9 months of age, but is probably most effective if given over the age of 12 months. If not given on the same day as Rouvax® (measles vaccine), must then be separated by at least one month.
A child is said to be fully immunized if child receives all due vaccine as per national immunization schedule within 1st year age of child. The two major milestones of UIP have been the elimination of polio in 2014 and maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination in 2015.
- Diphtheria.
- Hepatitis B.
- Haemophilus influenzae type b.
- Human papillomavirus.
- Seasonal influenza.
All babies should get the first shot of hepatitis B vaccine within first 12 hours after birth. This shot acts as a safety net, reducing the risk of getting the disease from you or family members who may not know they are infected with hepatitis B.
The 6 Most Important Vaccines You Might Not Know About
- Varicella vaccine.
- Rotavirus vaccine.
- Hepatitis A vaccine.
- Meningococcal vaccine.
- Human papillomavirus vaccine.
- Tdap booster.
In most tuberculosis (TB) endemic countries, bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG) is usually given around birth to prevent severe TB in infants.
It is best for your child to have the vaccine within a few days of being born and up to six months old, but they can be vaccinated any time up to five years of age.
FDA categorizes Hib vaccine as a polysaccharide conjugate vaccine, which is a type of inactivated bacterial vaccine. Manufacturers make it by joining a piece of the polysaccharide capsule that surrounds the Hib bacterium to a protein carrier. This joining process is called conjugation.
- All adults need a seasonal flu (influenza) vaccine every year.
- Every adult should get the Tdap vaccine once if they did not receive it as an adolescent to protect against pertussis (whooping cough), and then a Td (tetanus, diphtheria) booster shot every 10 years.
The low 15% coverage rate in TZH was driven by OPV; 22% of children were fully vaccinated against polio whereas other vaccines reached >70%. BGD had homogeneously high coverage for all vaccines in contrast to BRF where close to 100% of children received BCG while only 73% received measles vaccine.
All 11- through 12- year olds should get one shot of meningococcal conjugate (MenACWY). A booster shot is recommended at age 16. Teens 16–18 years old may be vaccinated with a serogroup B meningococcal (MenB) vaccine.
Between 12 and 23 months of age, your baby should receive vaccines to protect them from the following diseases: Chickenpox (Varicella) (1st dose) Diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough (pertussis) (DTaP) (4th dose) Haemophilus influenzae type b disease (Hib) (4th dose)
If you received the Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine, you should get your second shot 4 weeks (or 28 days) after your first.
The first time a child is infected with a specific antigen (say measles virus), the immune system produces antibodies designed to fight it. This takes time . . . usually the immune system can't work fast enough to prevent the antigen from causing disease, so the child still gets sick.
